Industrial fuel oil powers a vital role in many sectors of our economy. This refined petroleum product is widely used to produce power for industrial processes, spanning from manufacturing and construction to agriculture and energy production. The characteristics of industrial fuel oil make it a suitable choice for these demanding applications. It

Sputtering is a vital technique utilized in the fabrication of advanced thin films. Titanium (Ti) sputtering, specifically, has emerged as a preferred method due to its ability to deposit high-quality Ti thin films with precise thickness and composition. The process involves bombarding a Ti target with energetic ions, ejecting atoms that then depos